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1 Barlow, Peter
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 13 October 1776 Norwich, Englandd. 1 March 1862 Kent, England[br]English mathematician, physicist and optician.[br]Barlow had little formal academic education, but by his own efforts rectified this deficiency. His contributions to various periodicals ensured that he became recognized as a man of considerable scientific understanding. In 1801, through competitive examination, he became Assistant Mathematics Master at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and some years later was promoted to Professor. He resigned from this post in 1847, but retained full salary in recognition of his many public services.He is remembered for several notable achievements, and for some experiments designed to overcome problems such as the deviation of compasses in iron ships. Here, he proposed the use of small iron plates designed to overcome other attractions: these were used by both the British and Russian navies. Optical experiments commenced around 1827 and in later years he carried out tests to optimize the size and shape of many parts used in the railways that were spreading throughout Britain and elsewhere at that time.In 1814 he published mathematical tables of squares, cubes, square roots, cube roots and reciprocals of all integers from 1 to 10,000. This volume was of great value in ship design and other engineering processes where heavy numerical effort is required; it was reprinted many times, the last being in 1965 when it had been all but superseded by the calculator and the computer. In the preface to the original edition, Barlow wrote, "the only motive which prompted me to engage in this unprofitable task was the utility that I conceived might result from my labour… if I have succeeded in facilitating abstruse arithmetical calculations, then I have obtained the object in view."[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1823; Copley Medal (for discoveries in magnetism) 1825. Honorary Member, Institution of Civil Engineers 1820.Bibliography1811, An Elementary Investigation of the Theory of Numbers.1814, Barlow's Tables (these have continued to be published until recently, one edition being in 1965 (London: Spon); later editions have taken the integers up to 12,500).1817, Essay on the Strength of Timber and Other Materials.Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography.FMW -
2 Ports and shipping
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Armstrong, Sir William GeorgeEgerton, FrancisLi GaoPeter the GreatShen GuaStanhope, Charles -
3 Greathead, James Henry
[br]b. 6 August 1844 Grahamstown, Cape Colony (now South Africa)d. 21 October 1896 Streatham, London, England[br]British civil engineer, inventor of the Greathead tunnelling shield.[br]Greathead came to England in 1859 to complete his education. In 1864 he began a three-year pupillage with the civil engineer Peter W. Barlow, after which he was engaged as an assistant engineer on the extension of the Midland Railway from Bedford to London. In 1869 he was entrusted with the construction of the Tower Subway under the River Thames; this was carried out using a cylindrical wrought-iron shield which was forced forward by six large screws as material was excavated in front of it. This work was completed the same year. In 1870 he set himself up as a consulting engineer, and from 1873 he was Resident Engineer on the Hammersmith and Richmond extensions of the Metropolitan District Railway. He assisted in the preparation of several other railway projects including the Regent's Canal Railway in 1880, the Dagenham Dock and the Metropolitan Outer Circle Railways in 1881, a new line from London to Eastbourne and a number of Irish light railways. He worked on a bill for the City and South London Railway, which was built between 1886 and 1890; here compressed air was used to prevent the inrush of water, a method for tunnelling which was generally adopted from then on. He invented apparatus for the application of water to excavate in front of the shield as well as for injecting cement-grout behind the lining of the tunnel.He was joint engineer with Sir Douglas Fox for the construction of the Liverpool Overhead Railway, and held the same post with W.R.Galbraith on the Waterloo and City Railway; he was also associated with Sir John Fowler and Sir Benjamin Baker in the construction of the Central London Railway. He died, aged 52, before the completion of some of these projects.[br]Further ReadingObituary, 1896, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.O.Green, 1987, The London Underground: An Illustrated History', London: Ian Allan (in association with the London Transport Museum).P.P.Holman, 1990, The Amazing Electric Tube: A History of the City and South LondonRailway, London: London Transport Museum.IMcN
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Barlow, Peter — ▪ English optician and mathematician born October 13, 1776, Norwich, Norfolk, England died March 1, 1862, Kent optician (optics) and mathematician who invented two varieties of achromatic (non colour distorting) telescope lenses known as… … Universalium
Peter Barlow — Peter Barlow. Peter Barlow (* 13. Oktober 1776 in Norwich; † 1. März 1862 in Kent) war ein britischer Mathematiker und Physiker. Leben Im Jahr 1806 bekam er auf Empfehlung einen Lehrauftrag (assistant mathemati … Deutsch Wikipedia
Barlow — (Peter) (1776 1862) physicien anglais. La roue de Barlow (1828) fut considérée comme le premier moteur électrique … Encyclopédie Universelle
Peter Barlow — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Barlow. Peter Barlow Peter Barlow Naissance 13 octobre … Wikipédia en Français
Barlow — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Barlow peut désigner : Toponyme Barlow est le nom de plusieurs villes d Angleterre et des États Unis Barlow (Derbyshire) Barlow (North Yorkshire)… … Wikipédia en Français
Barlow'sches Rad — Das Barlow sche Rad war die erste Unipolarmaschine. Realisiert wurde es von Peter Barlow 1822. Das Barlow Rad Eine horizontal gelagerte, massive Scheibe aus gut leitfähigem Nichteisenmetall (z. B. Kupfer oder Aluminium) wird von einem Magnetfeld… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Barlow-Linse — Strahlengang ohne (rot) und mit (grün) der Barlow Linse Shapleylinse Die Barlowlinse ist eine nach ihrem Erfinder Peter Barlow benannte Linse, die die … Deutsch Wikipedia
Peter W. Barlow — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Barlow. Peter Barlow (1er février 1809 19 mai 1885) fut un ingénieur anglais né à Woolwich. Il est surtout connu pour la construction de ponts comme le Lambeth Bridge au dessus de la Tamise où … Wikipédia en Français
Peter W. Barlow — Peter William Barlow (1 February 1809 19 May 1885) was an English civil engineer, born at Woolwich, particularly associated with bridges (he designed the first Lambeth Bridge, a crossing of the River Thames in London), the design of tunnels and… … Wikipedia
Barlow (surname) — Barlow is a place name and a family name. The name is English in origin, meaning [lives on] the bare hill . The ancestry of most Barlows traces back to the North West of England.People*Clarence Barlow, composer of classical and electroacoustic… … Wikipedia
Barlow — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Alan Barlow (1881–1968), britischer Staatsbeamter und Kunstsammler Alby Barlow, australischer Radrennfahrer Barriemore Barlow (* 1949), britischer Schlagzeuger und Perkussionist Bradley Barlow (1814–1889) … Deutsch Wikipedia
